Primary Education In The UK Education Essay

Primary Education In The UK Education Essay Primary Education is an important topic to be discussed and analysed, since it is the basis of our societys formation, being thus decisive for our childrens future. This essay is entitled Primary Education in the U.K. and Spain: a comparison and it focuses on explaining some of the main matters concerning both systems. It is first of all focused on explaining some topics related to primary education in the United Kingdom including two paragraphs. The first one a historical background, proves to be the base of todays structure which may help us clarify todays structure, which the topic of the second paragraph. This is followed by two clone paragraphs applied to Spanish primary education. The last two paragraphs concentrate on the use and importance of ICT in primary education in both systems. The essay is concluded establishing an overall comparison between both systems. According to Denis Haye in his book Primary Education: the Key Concepts, British primary education and its structure find its roots deep in history, in the middle ages. It has been stated by some historians that English education began in AD 597 with the establishment of the cathedral of Canterbury by St Augustine. In the end of the seventeenth century education belonged to the church which promoted Christian knowledge, by creating its own schools. At the same time there were pioneers such as Robert Raikes, Charles Gordon and the welsh Charles of Bala, who believed in a connection between social action and education. The first publicly funded schools appeared in the mid-nineteenth century and aimed to offer Christian education to poor children. From this time on, the control of education starts switching little by little from the church to the state. Furthermore, between 1846 and 1848 in Wales, the Welsh Education Committee and the Cambrian Society both evolving into national schools , were formed. In the nineteenth century it is important to highlight the education act of 1872, since it lead to many advances in primary education, not only affecting the labouring classes as was happening in other parts of the country. The 1944s education act was decisive because from this time on, education was free of charge and relied on voluntary provision. It is known by the introduction of three kinds of schools: grammar schools, modern schools and Technical schools. The year 1988, saw the introduction of the nation curriculum including a selection of subjects such as maths, science English and religious education. From 2010, teaching foreign languages is also a compulsory part of the curriculum. In order to explain the base of todays primary education in the UK, it is necessary to go back to the twentieth century, when there were many important changes in primary education. Among these, stands out the introduction of the national curriculum in English mainstream schools. In this author words, during the twentieth century, it was also thought to be decisive an agreement about the need for a general education for children up to the age of 11, this being followed by a subject-specific teaching up to the age of 16 and a selection of specialist subjects thereafter. Due to the national curriculum, from the beginning of the 21st century most primary schools in the UK currently accept children from 5 to 11 years old. As Denis states, there is also a tiny number of schools designated deemed middle (ages 8 to 12 or 9 to 13) and first when they educate children from 5 to 8 or 9. To explain todays structure it is also important to focus on the types of schools that can currently be found in the UK. As the Department of Education reports, they can be divided into 3 main groups: mainstream state schools, specialist schools, state schools with particular characteristics and independent schools. To the first group belong Community schools, which are often run by a local authority and aim to develop strong links with the local community, providing services  like childcare and adult learning classes. Trust schools as well as Voluntary-controlled and voluntary-aided schools are owed by a charitable foundation, which employs the staff and sets the admissions criteria. Academies, faith schools, city technology colleges, community and foundation special schools, grammar schools and maintained boarding schools can be found in the second group. The third group is formed by Independent schools which have their own admission policies and curriculum. Spanish primary education, as the rest of the developed nations, it finds its roots in the XIX century. Many factors can be identified as those which influenced the rise during this century of specifically educative establishments aiming to reach a growing proportion of the population. The Apparition of the national states is indeed the most notorious factor, since it puts the Old Regime to an end while at the same time instruction is seen as a mean reinforcing its unity. Thus, education is considered to be from this time on, a public affair that has to be organised and controlled by the state which regulates its legal and administrative processes. To understand the current Spanish primary education, it is important to focus on three relevant education laws, well-known for their impact on the system. The commonly referred as the Moyano Law was decreed in 1857 in a context of socio-economic crisis, This law consisted on a legislative initiative carried out by the politician Carlos Moy ano whose main aim was to improve the deplorable condition of education at that time, decreasing thus the analphabetism average in the country. Education was divided in two stages: elementary (6-12 years old) and superior (9-12). Primary education was compulsory until the age of 12 and free of charge for those who could not afford it. According to the web page State Univeristy.com, it also marked the foundation of privet schools in Spain at that time owned by the Catholic Church. Just one year after the 1944s British education act, the 1945s law was decreed in the historical context of post-war and in the ideological context of national Catholicism. Its main objective was to orientate the student in accordance with their aptitudes to the working life. Born in the context of democracy, the 1990s law of education aimed to impart an equal instruction in order to allow pupils to acquire basic cultural elements, to wit: oral expression, reading, writing and arithmetic calculi. It divided education into tree periods: the first stage (from6 to 8 years old), second (8-10) and third (10-12). To explain the structure of todays primary education in Spain, it is important to go back to the year 2006, when the fundamental law of education also known as LOE or Ley Organica de Educacià ³n was decreed. This law established a compulsory education from 6 to 16 year-old children. While in the UK children start their primary education at the age of 5, Spanish children start going to school at the age of 6. Also it is important to mention that most pupils attend pre-schools from 3 to 5 years of age. Most of these nursery schools in most cases belong to the same centre of education. According to the famous online encyclopedia known as Wikipedia, primary education in Spain can be divided into three cycles: the first cycle includes pupils from 6 to 7 years of age, the second 8-9 and the third 10 to 11. Focusing on the Spanish national curriculum, compulsory subjects are: Spanish language and Literature, Art, Mathematics, Physical Education, Natural and social sciences both included in a subject called Conocimiento Del Medio and English or French. Many state schools have an agreement with the British Council making the study of English compulsory from the age of 6. Although in the United Kingdom there a several types of schools, in Spain most of them can be grosso modo divided into three groups: public or state schools, privet schools or semi-privet schools also referred in Spanish as concertado schools. As happens in the UK, state schools are funded by the government and therefore they are free for those living in the country. These cannot be freely selected, as the children are allocated the closest school to their home. According to Maurice Hamlin in his web page practicalspain.com, semi-privet or concertado schools are similar to the Britishs grant maintained schools since they receive subsidies by the government being education thus, provided free of charge. Most of them are run by a religious order e.g. the Salesians of Don Bosco, and pupils usually wear un iforms. Privet and International schools in Spain are becoming more popular. According to the Article Living and Working in Spain they provide a more relaxed environment offering a wider range of subjects and an international approach. Another important aspect to be analysed, is the use of the information and communication technologies in British and Spanish Schools. According to the British Department of Education, information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools can improve the quality of teaching, learning and management in schools and so help raise standards. In order to evaluate the use of ITC in primary schools The Education and Training inspectorate published in 2002 a report in which some of the main strengths of the use of new technologies are highlighted. As this report states, integrating the ICT in the national curriculum supports both teaching and learning. The quality of planning for ICT is proved to be satisfactory or better in 70 % of the schools inspected and in most schools the quality of teaching and pupils experiences are proved to be satisfactory, including a wide range of ICT applications among which stands out the use of word processing. Learning to use Microsoft Words spell check, digital cameras, create an maintain a web page, sending a forwarding e-mails, burning a cd, as well as learning how to control multi-media and database software are indeed but a few other applications in schools. As this study proves, ICT has also a very positive reaction on children by increasing their motivation towards learning in general; as the report states children have high levels of interest and enthusiasm in their work in ICT being motivated by the inclusion of ICT in their lessons. It is a fact that there are an increasing number of schools that are incorporating ICT not only as a subject in the national curriculum but as a way to make the other lessons lighter and more amusing to children. According to an article written by Sophie Borland and published in the newspaper The Daily Mail there are even some schools in the UK who have decided to turn a P.E. lesson into a Wii class in order to motivate and boost their enthusiasm for sport. To do this, Borland says, the newly approved by Department of Health Wifit Plus is used in the class involving a variety of fineness activities. Even though this article received very positive reviews there are some people like the spokesman of the Department of Children, Schools and Families who states there is always a place for innovative exercises if they do not replace traditional ones. Another school in the UK, according to the education editor Graeme Paton, is to include the use of the so-called social network Twitter as pa rt of their curriculum. All children, the author states, will be taught how to use webcams, podcasts as well as blogs. Pupils in this school will be expected develop an understanding of different ways to communicate online. Improving keyboard skills, using websites such as the online dictionary Wikipedia and learning how to employ spell-checkers will also form part of the biggest overhaul of lessons for 20 years. As happens in the United Kingdom, Spanish new generation of children are marked by the information and communication technologies which are gaining each year a greater importance in the education policy. The inclusion of the ICT in Spanish education system finds its roots in the European initiative e-Europe which motivated the creation of the Special committee of study for the Development of the Information Society in Spain (CDSI) by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of the conclusion of the CDSI can be applied to education. According to this committee the use of the new technologies should be present in all subjects as part of the national curriculum and in the relationship between teachers and pupils and all the members of the educative community. The presence of ICT in Spanish primary schools can be clearly perceived in the autonomous community Extremadura which is considered to be a pioneer in this field. According to the secretary of ICT in the education polity of the autonomous government of Extremadura Junta de Extremadura, this region started the project of including the information and communication technologies in education in the year 1999, when the Strategic Plan for the development of technology in society was presented and the educational sector was considered to be the main pillar of that development. This moment marks the appearance of ICT in Extremaduran classrooms. What is probably the most outstanding fact is that, this region decided to develop free software equally configurable and adaptable. A new operative system called gnu/LinEx which would offer an enormous variety of applications in order to fulfill the necessities of all kind of users and a great diversity of tools for its use inside the classroom. Furthermore, in the academic year 2002/2003, an initiative was carried out in all Extremaduran high schools which consisted on transforming regular classrooms into technological classrooms by introducing a computer for each two s tudents. Also, todays schools in the region have at least one electronic blackboard, together with a projector, a computer and an interactive pad. The creation of the specific operative system LinEx must be adapted to a didactic and pedagogical extent. This is why a new variation of this operative system has been installed in all the schools of Extremadura. According to the autonomous communitys government LinEx Schools as it is called, offers the pupil an friendly and motivating environment adapted to their intellectual development. Together with LinEx, it is important to highlight the development of the educative platform Rayuela. As if it was a social network, this platform is an advanced system of information that allows a real-time communication between teachers and parents by using the Internet. It also has a database with allows all Extremenian students to have a single Digital Academic Record until they finish high school. Thus, teachers are able to access all the informatio n about the educative course of their pupils (calcifications, assistance and observances) in order to offer them an individualized treatment. To conclude this essay, I must say that as both educational systems belong to a globalised world and concretely to the European Union, they share indeed some similitudes and the two last paragraphs are an example of this statement. Among other minor differences British primary education probably differs from the Spanish one in what in my opinion, is its main strength: the diversity of schools offered which allows parents to have a greater choice. 2.500 words.

Desirability and effectiveness of corporal punishment in enforcing discipline

Corporal punishment is application of physical pain to children as a way of enforcing discipline through discouraging undesirable behavior. This kind of punishment includes beatings, burnings, spanking, slapping and scalding. Due to its severity in punishment, use of corporal punishment to discipline children is controversial. In schools, teachers go for corporal punishment. They believe that â€Å"spare the rod spoil the child† Discipline on the other hand involves strategies to reduce undesirable behaviors’ among children.Straus and Stewart (1999) found out that 94% of American parents spank their children between the ages 3 and 4 years and up to 5 years. The US Department of Health and Human Services (2001) showed that 13 in every 1000 children were abused. According to her, spanking may lead to abuse. Research carried out found out that: corporal punishment leads to immediate compliance, increased aggression. Studies showed that using corporal punishment to reduce a ggression increased the risk of aggressive behaviors’ by 50%.Corporal punishment may also result to antisocial behavior. This affected boys mostly and children of ages ranging between10and12. Increased corporal punishment led to increased risk of criminal behavior in adulthood. Corporal punishment results to decreased mental health. This affects children between ages 5 and 8 who are more prone to severe corporal punishment. Physical punishment has negative effects which may affect child wellbeing or his/her health thus they are unacceptable and therefore should not be used.Despite this, spanking which is a form of corporal punishment has been used by most American families (about 90%). Corporal punishment may also result to adult abusive behaviors. Most results showed that spanking increased undesirable behaviors and decreased desirable ones. As severity of corporal punishment raises so are the negative results. Many children who are spanked within normal limits do not grow u p with negative results . However, a number are physically disciplined beyond normal limits thereby are at increased risk of possessing negative outcomes

The Number One Article on What Is a Critical Lens Essay

The Number One Article on What Is a Critical Lens Essay In making up a critical lens essay you must reply to the point of view conveyed by the quote and following that, you should try and explain the exact same in your own words. The first thing which you need to do is to pick a quote. Just recap whatever you've said above and demonstrate, why it's significant and how it's linked to the huge picture. New Step by Step Roadmap for What Is a Critical Lens Essay Just reach out to our support managers, if you've got an unusual job to do, and we'll surely find someone to aid you. You are likely to love our work. The work, which demands the complete attention and a crystal clear mind. The majority of the second you'll be given a particular topic to analyze. After the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. Our talented writers can deal with nearly every sort of writing assignment, together with Math and Physics issues and a whole lot more. While it's true that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely challenging to write. If you wish to obtain a research paper, online writing service like ours is exactly what you want. Now you can purchase genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. The more you tell us about your requirements, the better essay help we'll be in a position to provide. The Birth of What Is a Critical Lens Essay Also, you are going to interest the reader and represent your competence in a particular issue. Its clarity and concision will aid your reader understand what things to anticipate. For instance, you want to detect the elements utilised in literature, including symbols, vocabulary, topics or style. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask her or him to make corrections. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent a ssistance. The purchase price depends upon the size and urgency. When there's more than 1 issue raised, the student must handle each problem specifically. Your list is only going to supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. A Startling Fact about What Is a Critical Lens Essay Uncovered Despite how the price writing many companies varies in a wide selection, they supply similar services. It is advised to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. If you wish to get a finished paper at an affordable price, you're in the area you require! Have a look at our price calculator to discover what your perfect price for the paper is! The conclusion is the last portion of the important lens essay, and it serves a few goals. Let's review the vital elements of successful vital lens essays. Each step is going to be followed by the appropriate portion of a critical lens essay example to produce the guideline even more clear. When you face the job of writing a critical lens essay, you're supplied a quote, and you're expected to convey your personal perspective regarding it. The quotation is known as the important lens. Whatever They Told You About What Is a Critical Lens Essay Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why If you are pleased with the outcome, the next thing to do is to check testimonials in the web. It's possible to always reach out to your writer to supply more specifics or request information concerning the order's progress. You have to set together for introduction creating although analyzing points easily available on the internet and building notes. At the moment, most of us have a mobile phone. There are many varieties of essays, it is not difficult to get rid of an eye on all your writing assignments. Nowadays, it's possible to name four primary kinds of essays. Today, it's crucial to name four primary varieties of essays. Due to the character of the essay, it is essential that writers prepare an informative essay outline in order for the essay conveys the specific thoughts that the writer wishes to convey. Moreover, these basic types can be split into sub-categories of essays. Don't neglect to proofread the essay to be certain there are no grammatical or spelling errors. The instructions to finish the essay continue to be the exact same but now you. Assortment is the process of picking out from between the candidates from within only the organization. Thus, for your convenience, you have a superb chance to monitor the development of the assigned writer and make sure an essay will be ready in a timely way.

Cultural Pluralism And Its Effects On American Culture

THE MODERN ERA In 2014, 35 million Americans identified as Hispanic, of whom 64 percent said they had Mexican heritage - almost 11 percent of the total population. As birthrates for Hispanics exceed those of Anglos, demographers estimate that by 2042 non-Hispanic whites will be a numerical minority in the United States. At the beginning of this century, there were twenty-one states where Hispanics were the largest ethnic minority. As a consequence, the nature of assimilation – historically a conflicting process for Southwestern Anglos and Mexican-Americans – is likely to become less a matter of conformity to Anglo socials norms and more a process of cultural pluralism. The concept of cultural pluralism suggests that immigrants should assimilate to American culture by enriching American traditions with those that other cultures bring with them, expanding the American cultural landscape of art, cuisine, education, history, law, music, language, medicine and other aspects of life. Most recently, studies by the Pew Charitable Trust demonstrate that the number of illegal immigrants from Mexico entering the United States has actually been declining, resulting in a net negative number of Mexican immigrants entering the United States. Reasons for this trend include the Great Recession of 2008, and an improving economy in Mexican, making it more attractive for Mexicans to stay in Mexico. In addition, stepped-up U.S. border enforcement has reduced the likelihood of success forShow MoreRelated Sociology of Racial and Cultural Groups Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesa sociologists conclusions. Each of these theories has a contribution to make with a distinct focus. Functional theory was influenced by Emile Durkheim. Adherents of this theory emphasize, Various parts of society have functions or positive effects that promote solidarity and maintain the stability of the whole. 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Nathaniel Hawthorne No Ordinary Author Essay - 3147 Words

The Romantic Period served as a breeding ground for some of Americas most extraordinary authors. Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Ralph Waldo Emerson are just some of the names that graced this Golden Era of American literature. Great as they were, these men still lacked a significant amount of originality. Relating their themes and structures results in little to no variation. One author, though born into the era of Romanticism dared to expand the possibilities nineteenth - century literature had to offer. Through works such as Young Goodman Brown, The Ministers Black Veil, and The Birthmark, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporated Romanticism into his own style. Including ordinary men,†¦show more content†¦I have a very general acquaintance here in New England, (Goodman 1035) states the devil, referring to all of the hypocritical Puritans who have graced his presence. This realization leads to the sealing of Young Goodman Browns d oubts in his community. It is thus the beginning of Goodman Browns initiation into the devils communion, an act experienced by New Englanders generations before him. Through his initial Puritan beliefs and upstanding reputation, Goodman Brown is simply an ordinary Puritan with ordinary beliefs. The appearance of the devil causes Goodman Browns faith in his beliefs to falter - an experience felt by many New Englanders. Ordinary Man finds his way into other Hawthorne stories as well. Reverend Hooper in The Ministers Black Veil, for example is just a small-town preacher, who, for more reasons than one segregates himself from the world by wearing an eternal black veil. The veil increases the superstition of the townspeople. An action beyond their comprehension, the ministers decision confuses them. They know not what to think. Some townspeople even see the veil as a curse. They worry that his residence over a wedding will portend nothing but evil (Minister 223) to the ceremony. 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The flow of passages in these authors’ works, BartlebyRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne : Characteristics Natural World Will Help Discover The Truth Behind Reality1229 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat artist. Subsequent generations have agreed. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Characteristics natural world will help discover the truth behind reality. Wrote novels and stories- gothic and romantic style According to Old Sturbridge Village An 1830s New England Living History Museum â€Å"Hawthorne used his novels and stories to probe the recurring mysteries of sin, guilt, and moral choice, but his works were also saturated with New England s history† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story published in 1835 â€Å"Young

The Role Of Protein Misfolding And Aggregation In BSE Free Essays

When a protein misfolds it changes its behavior and function. If it becomes hydrophobic after once being polar. The properties and functionality of the protein are no longer useful to the organism and disaster results. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Protein Misfolding And Aggregation In BSE or any similar topic only for you Order Now PrPSc is hydrophobic, it avoids water inside of the cell†¦it attracts and attaches other proteins to misfolds and become hydrophobic †¦Misfolding spreads because the PrPSc act as chaperone proteins to convert PrPc TO PrPSc and cannot be converted back to PrPc. The normal homeostasis would be reached and health regained by PROTAEOSOMES (protein destroyers) eating the corrupt PrPSc proteins BUT.. These are not recognized by the proteasomes and so are not destroyed. They keep multiplying and they clump together and aggregate inside the cell and the cell stops doing its normal work and eventually it dies. Prion – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 23, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PrPSc How enzymes work Enzymes are complex protiens whose main function is to reduce or speed up the energy required for a reaction to occur. This happens thru the enzymes ability to break or form a bond within a substance that results in 1 or 2 new substances without changing the protein configuration of the enzyme itself – this keeps the enzyme available to continue its work. The area on the enzyme where the work takes place is called the active site. The specific molecule that becomes transformed is called a substrate. It seems to me that enzymes with the suffixes dehydrogenase break up substances and sythetase combine substances to make new products. Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs when there is continuing muscle activity. This produces some ATP for continued muscle work but not a whole lot. Lactic acid builds and eventually the muscles get fatigued and activity must stop. The blood then diffuses this lactate to the liver where it is converted back to glucose and enters into the citric acid cycle and more ATP is created. If a certain enzyme were to be lacking in the citric acid cycle if would grind it to a halt, ATP enery would not be produced and cell death would occur is one of the assisting molecules that help the electrons cross the intercellular membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons are then passed from enzyme to enzyme in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, in an energy gradient and they lose some of their energy at each step. This transfer which causes in a high concentration of H+ protons is what results in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (and energy). The final transfer involves the combining of electrons and H2 atoms with oxygen. This forms water. The molecules that take part in the transport of these electrons are referred to as the electron transport chain. Oxaloacetate is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citroyl-CoA has formed will another conformational change cause thioester hydrolysis and release coenzyme A. This ensures that the energy released from the thioester bond cleavage will drive the condensation. Oxaloacetate will be regenerated after the completion How to cite The Role Of Protein Misfolding And Aggregation In BSE, Papers

Overview Of Aged Care Support And Services - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. Identify a major social or cultural institution in Australian Society that is relevant to. 2. Describe ways the legal aid in Australian might impact an individual such as Tommy. 3. Examine aspects of inequality in Society and identify possible effects and consequences of conditions and experiences of inequality on Sandy and her family. 4. Identify factors associated with old age in Australian society and their possible impact on someone like Suzanne and her family and her community. 5. Identify factors associated with social, cultural and economic background and their possible impact on crime in Tommy's Indigenous community. 6. Give an example of a government policy that was developed to support families such as Sandy and her children. 7. Identify social and cultural factors that might impact on Tommy's mental health and lead to suicidal ideation. 8. Give an example of a possible decision that might be made in relation to specific work to be undertaken and/or services to be provided to Sandy and her family. 9. How might staff monitor and review the impact of the work undertaken and/or services provided to Sandy? 10. If the services are not effective or appropriate, how might Sandy's case manager work towards providing Services to better address Sandy's Social and Cultural issues to enhance outcomes for Sandy, her family, and the community they live in? Answers: Answer 1 The Salvation Army is one of the major community service providers in the country of Australia (The Salvation Army. 2018). This particular community service providers offer a variety of support services to the people in need depending on the kind of help which they are seeking and the allocation of resources in that area (The Salvation Army. 2018). They provide services for the youth, elderly people as well as the homeless and the people having financial problems. Therefore, Tommy, Suzanne and Sandy can take the help of the services provided by the particular association to overcome the difficulties faced by them. Answer 2 In Australia, there are provisions for legal as well as financial aid for the youths having alcohol issues (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. 2018). The Alcohol Drug Service - North West Tasmania is one such association which provides help to the youths having alcohol and other drug issues (Legal Aid Tasmania. 2018). Therefore, this is one particular institution from which youths like Tommy can take help of in order to overcome their alcohol as well as drug issues. In addition to this, there are provisions for financial as well as counseling aids for the youths who are having alcohol and drug issues. Answer 3 It is to be noted that inequality forms an aspect of all societies whether it be a democratic one or a dictatorial one. According to George Orwell in the book Animal Farm, All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others (Orwell 2010). It is to be noted that Sandy is a single mother who has recently lost her job. Sandy was subjected to unequal treatment as she was terminated from her job without taking into consideration the fact of her being a single mother and having had to provide for the upbringing of her two kids. The effect of this is that she is in a critical situation with no financial aid and is about to lose her home. Answer 4 Old age is one of the common factors which every community faces. Old age entails with it several problems as well as complications. Dementia is one of the most common ones among them wherein the elder people cannot remember things and often end up losing their memory. Suzanne is one such elder person who is suffering from the effects of dementia (Aph.gov.au. 2018). She lives in a residential home away from her family and is visited by her family members only one a week. It is to be noted that Suzanne is completely dependent on her helpers and the services provided by the support staff. Answer 5 Society forms an important aspect behind the character development of an individual. The economic as well as the cultural environment of the upbringing of an individual plays an important part in the character development of a person. It is to be noted that Tommy grew up in an environment where alcohol consumption and drug issues formed a part of the society. It is to be noted these factors often give rise to various forms of drug and alcohol related crimes (Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. 2018). Answer 6 Sole parenting - Welfare to work plan of the Australian government provides financial help to the single parents who are in need to financial aid (Child Family Community Australia. 2018). The governmental policy in addition to providing work to the single mothers also provides help to the single mothers in the upbringing as well as the education of their children. Individuals like Sandy can take the help of this particular service provided by the Australian government to make their life easier. Answer 7 It is often seen that the people who had their upbringing in disturbed environment often end up committing serious crimes in their adulthood (Communityservices.act.gov.au. 2018). Tommy is one such person who had his upbringing in a disturbed environment where the majority of the people had alcohol and drug related issues. This can impact the psychology of Tommy directly and lead him to commit crimes related to alcohol and drug. Another, interesting fact to note is that the many people prone to alcohol as well as drug issues tend to become suicidal in the later part of their life as they often suffer from depression and loneliness. Answer 8 The Australian government recently provided a pension of $55,000 to a single mother in order to support her financial and also to help her in the upbringing of her children (Theaustralian.com.au. 2018). The government and the community can provide the same kind of benefits or services to Sandy for her financial security and also to aid her in the upbringing of her children. Answer 9 It is often seen that the various governments have several policies in place for the welfare of the people who are in need of financial and other kinds of aids (Communityservices.act.gov.au. 2018). However, it is seen often this resource is not properly allocated to the people who are actually in need of these services and funds. Therefore, the various governmental organizations need to monitor as well as review the performance of these associations and checks whether the funds provided by them have been properly allocated to the people who are actually in need of these services. Answer 10 It is often seen that the amount of resources which are provided by the governmental organizations to the people in need of them are not properly allocated to them by the various people and organizations which are entrusted with the work (Communityservices.act.gov.au. 2018). It is here that the case managers of people like Sandy become important. The case manager can bring the unethical practices of these people and organizations to the notice of the authorities who can actually make a difference. Moreover, the case manager, can also gather support for Sandy from the local community in order to aid her. References Aph.gov.au. 2018.'Caring for the Elderly' - an Overview of Aged Care Support and Services in Australia Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/archive/agedcare?print=1 [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. 2018.Alcohol and teenagers. [online] Available at: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/alcohol-teenagers [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Child Family Community Australia. 2018.Sole parenting - Welfare to work. [online] Available at: https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/bibliography/sole-parenting-welfare-work [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Communityservices.act.gov.au. 2018.Support Services - Community Services. [online] Available at: https://www.communityservices.act.gov.au/wac/ageing/ACT_Seniors_Directory/support_services [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Legal Aid Tasmania. 2018.DRUG ALCOHOL - Legal Aid Tasmania. [online] Available at: https://www.legalaid.tas.gov.au/referral-list/categories/drug-alcohol [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Orwell, G., 2010.Animal farm(Vol. 31). Random House. People Who Care. 2018.Home - People Who Care. [online] Available at: https://peoplewhocare.org.au/ [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. The Salvation Army. 2018.Community support services. [online] Available at: https://www.salvationarmy.org.au/en/find-help/Community-support-services/ [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018]. Theaustralian.com.au. 2018.The Australian. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/policy/the-single-mum-on-55000-in-pensions-benefits-study-aid/news-story/6b72819599ad60da72ced57aa10500f1 [Accessed 9 Mar. 2018].